A direct result of the APART grant is my continued interest in Yoga Tantra themes and all early Buddhist expressions of the mandala.

Early Buddhist Mandala

I have always been puzzled why East Asian mandalas lack the outer circles so typical of Tibetan mandala representations and only consist of the palace. A short study on early Buddhist mandala representations follows up on this subject.

Mandala. Form, Funktion und Bedeutung

An introductory essay on the nature and function of the mandala in a Buddhist context, published in German.

  • “Mandala. Form, Funktion und Bedeutung.” In Tibet – Klöster öffnen ihre Schatzkammern. Essen: Kulturstiftung Ruhr Essen, Villa Hügel, 2006: 71–79.

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Further Publications

  • “The Many Faces of Buddha Vairocana.” In The All-Knowing Buddha: A Secret Guide, edited by Jan van Alphen. New York and Antwerp: Rubin Museum of Art and BAI, MAS Books, 2014: 12–23. (Description on Rubin research page.)

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